10 Best Substituted Pyridines for Drug Discovery Suppliers

Substituted Pyridines For Drug Discovery remain valuable building blocks for modern medicinal chemistry. Their nitrogen atom can influence binding, polarity, solubility, and metabolic behavior. Small structural changes may produce major biological differences. That is why supplier selection deserves careful review.

Dr. Andrew Hopkins, a recognized drug-discovery scientist, has described drug discovery as “a team sport.” His observation fits this market well. Chemists, analytical specialists, and suppliers must work together. Reliable suppliers should provide clear structures, lot-specific certificates, purity data, and supporting NMR or mass spectrometry results. Practical details also matter. A compound listed as available should have a realistic lead time, stable packaging, and transparent storage guidance. Custom synthesis capability can help when a screening program needs unusual substitution patterns.

This guide examines ten notable supplier options for Substituted Pyridines For Drug Discovery. It considers catalog breadth, chemical quality, documentation, delivery performance, and technical support. These factors are more useful than marketing language alone. Some rankings remain difficult. Supplier performance can vary by region, batch, and project scale. A product page may look complete, yet its analytical data may still need closer inspection. Researchers should confirm current specifications before purchasing. They should also assess whether each compound suits the intended assay, synthesis route, and regulatory environment. The strongest supplier is not always the cheapest. It is the one that supports reproducible chemistry.

Table of Contents [Hide]

1 Substituted Pyridines in Drug Discovery: Structure, CAS, and MW Data

2 Selection Criteria: Purity ≥98%, pKa, logP, and Supplier Lead Times

3 Ten High-Value Pyridine Scaffolds for SAR and Lead Optimization

4 Supplier Benchmark: MOQ, Pack Size, COA, SDS, and Lot Traceability

5 Safety and Compliance: GHS, REACH, Storage, and Scale-Up Requirements

Substituted Pyridines in Drug Discovery: Structure, CAS, and MW Data

Substituted pyridines remain practical building blocks for medicinal chemistry because their nitrogen atom supports hydrogen bonding and coordination. Position matters. A 2-substituent can create steric congestion near the ring nitrogen, while a 4-substituent often leaves a more open binding vector. In screening libraries, these small changes can alter solubility, potency, and metabolic stability.

A useful ten-compound shortlist includes 2-aminopyridine, CAS 504-29-0, MW 94.12; 3-aminopyridine, CAS 462-08-8, MW 94.12; and 4-aminopyridine, CAS 504-24-5, MW 94.12. The halogen set includes 2-chloropyridine, CAS 109-09-1, MW 113.54; 3-chloropyridine, CAS 626-60-8, MW 113.54; 2-bromopyridine, CAS 109-04-6, MW 158.00; and 3-bromopyridine, CAS 626-55-1, MW 158.00. Methyl options include 2-methylpyridine, CAS 109-06-8, MW 93.13; 3-methylpyridine, CAS 108-99-6, MW 93.13; and 4-methylpyridine, CAS 108-89-4, MW 93.13.

These values were cross-checked with PubChem Compound Summary records and OECD eChemPortal substance data. Such sources help confirm identity before ordering or registration. Still, catalog data can contain transcription errors. Check isotope specification, salt form, assay, and water content. A stated MW may describe the neutral molecule, not the supplied hydrate or hydrochloride. That distinction is easy to miss.

10 Best Substituted Pyridines for Drug Discovery: Structure, CAS, and MW Data

Molecular-weight comparison of commonly used substituted pyridines in medicinal and synthetic chemistry.

Compound	Molecular Formula	CAS Number	Molecular Weight (g/mol)
2-Aminopyridine	C₅H₆N₂	504-29-0	94.12
3-Aminopyridine	C₅H₆N₂	462-08-8	94.12
4-Aminopyridine	C₅H₆N₂	504-24-5	94.12
2-Methylpyridine	C₆H₇N	109-06-8	93.13
2-Chloropyridine	C₅H₄ClN	109-09-1	113.54
3-Chloropyridine	C₅H₄ClN	626-60-8	113.54
4-Chloropyridine	C₅H₄ClN	626-64-2	113.54
2-Bromopyridine	C₅H₄BrN	109-04-6	158.00
3-Bromopyridine	C₅H₄BrN	626-55-1	158.00
4-Bromopyridine	C₅H₄BrN	1120-87-2	158.00

The chart highlights how halogen substitution increases molecular weight relative to amino- and methyl-substituted pyridines. CAS numbers and molecular weights refer to the neutral compounds.

Selection Criteria: Purity ≥98%, pKa, logP, and Supplier Lead Times

10 Best Substituted Pyridines for Drug Discovery Suppliers

A credible shortlist starts with purity, not catalogue size. For ten substituted pyridines, require assay purity of at least 98%, preferably supported by HPLC and NMR data. ICH Q6A stresses justified specifications and impurity control for pharmaceutical materials. A 98% label alone is not enough. Ask for batch-specific certificates, residual solvent results, and storage conditions.

pKa should match the intended screening environment. Pyridine nitrogen changes ionisation, solubility, and membrane exposure. Record the measurement temperature and solvent. Predicted values are useful, but measured data deserve greater weight. LogP adds another practical filter. Lower values may improve aqueous handling, while higher values can support permeability. However, excessive lipophilicity may increase nonspecific binding. OECD guidance on chemical assessment supports combining measured properties with model predictions, rather than trusting one number.

Supplier lead time can decide whether a project moves or stalls. The 2024 CPHI Annual Report identifies supply resilience and visibility as major procurement concerns. Request current stock, manufacturing location, minimum order quantity, and realistic dispatch dates. Compare fluoro-, chloro-, methyl-, methoxy-, and cyano-substituted pyridines under the same criteria. A useful ranking might score purity at 40%, physicochemical fit at 35%, and lead time at 25%. That weighting is imperfect. It should change when rapid analogue expansion matters more than initial screening cost.

Ten High-Value Pyridine Scaffolds for SAR and Lead Optimization

Ten High-Value Pyridine Scaffolds for SAR and Lead Optimization

Pyridine chemistry remains valuable because nitrogen placement changes binding, polarity, and metabolic behavior. The FDA’s 2023 CDER report recorded 55 novel drug approvals, highlighting intense competition for efficient lead optimization. IQVIA Institute’s Global Trends in R&D 2024 estimated 22,825 active pipeline products in 2023. That scale makes practical scaffold selection essential.

A focused supplier screen should include 2-aminopyridine, 3-aminopyridine, and 4-aminopyridine. These isomers offer different hydrogen-bonding vectors. Add 2-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine, and 4-hydroxypyridine for tautomer and polarity studies. 2-Chloropyridine supports cross-coupling strategies, while 2-trifluoromethylpyridine can increase lipophilicity and metabolic resistance. Pyridine N-oxide provides a useful polarity and oxidation-state probe. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine expands rigid, fused-ring options.

In practice, I would compare regioisomer purity, water content, residual solvents, and lot-to-lot consistency. Certificates alone are not enough. LC-MS and NMR confirmation still matter. No scaffold wins every campaign. I sometimes overvalue novelty and underweight synthetic accessibility. That mistake can delay SAR by weeks. Suppliers should therefore provide dependable stock, transparent analytical data, and scalable packaging. A small test order often reveals more than a polished catalog.

10 Best Substituted Pyridines for Drug Discovery Suppliers - Ten High-Value Pyridine Scaffolds for SAR and Lead Optimization

No.	Pyridine Scaffold	CAS Registry No.	Molecular Formula	Molecular Weight (g/mol)	Key Functional Handle	Typical SAR Application	Lead-Optimization Value
1	2-Aminopyridine	504-29-0	C₅H₆N₂	94.12	Primary amine and ring nitrogen	Amide, urea, sulfonamide and heterocycle formation	Compact hydrogen-bonding motif for tuning potency and polarity
2	3-Aminopyridine	462-08-8	C₅H₆N₂	94.12	Primary amine and ring nitrogen	Regioisomeric amide and urea analogues	Changes vector geometry and binding orientation relative to 2-aminopyridine
3	4-Aminopyridine	504-24-5	C₅H₆N₂	94.12	Primary amine and ring nitrogen	Anilide-like coupling and kinase-oriented heteroaromatic design	Useful for testing para-positioned donor/acceptor relationships
4	2-Bromopyridine	109-04-6	C₅H₄BrN	158.00	Aryl bromide for cross-coupling	Suzuki, Buchwald–Hartwig and direct functionalization routes	Provides a versatile entry point for rapid analogue generation
5	3-Bromopyridine	626-55-1	C₅H₄BrN	158.00	Aryl bromide for cross-coupling	Regioselective aryl, heteroaryl and amino substitutions	Enables positional isomer studies without changing the core formula
6	4-Bromopyridine	1120-87-2	C₅H₄BrN	158.00	Aryl bromide for cross-coupling	Biaryl and heteroaryl library synthesis	Supports linear exit-vector exploration in binding-site optimization
7	2-Cyanopyridine	100-70-9	C₆H₄N₂	104.11	Nitrile and ring nitrogen	Nitrile-driven polarity changes and heterocycle elaboration	Adds a compact acceptor while retaining a metabolically useful handle
8	3-Cyanopyridine	100-54-9	C₆H₄N₂	104.11	Nitrile and ring nitrogen	Regioisomeric polarity and hydrogen-bond acceptor mapping	Useful for separating steric and electronic effects in SAR
9	2-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridine	368-48-9	C₆H₄F₃N	147.10	Electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group	Hydrophobic pocket mapping and modulation of basicity	Can improve lipophilic contacts and metabolic stability in suitable series
10	2,6-Dichloropyridine	2402-78-0	C₅H₃Cl₂N	147.99	Two aryl chlorides and ring nitrogen	Sequential substitution and sterically constrained analogue design	Offers differentiated reactivity and ortho steric control for scaffold growth

Molecular weights are calculated from standard atomic weights and are provided for structure-selection and discovery-planning purposes.

Supplier Benchmark: MOQ, Pack Size, COA, SDS, and Lot Traceability

For ten substituted pyridines, supplier comparison should begin with MOQ, not catalogue variety. A 2023 pharmaceutical procurement survey reported that supply interruptions affected more than 60% of surveyed organizations. Small pilot packs therefore reduce early-stage waste. Record whether each supplier offers 1 g, 5 g, or 25 g packs, and whether MOQ changes by substitution pattern. A low MOQ is useful only when the material is available.

COA quality needs closer inspection. According to ICH Q7 and FDA data-integrity guidance, records should be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original, and accurate. A practical COA should show assay, water content, chromatographic purity, test methods, specification limits, and the exact lot number. SDS files should match the delivered compound and current hazard classification. Check revision dates. Old documents create avoidable doubt.

Lot traceability separates a dependable supplier from a merely convenient one. Each bottle should connect to a manufacturing lot, retest date, storage condition, and shipment record. OECD chemical safety reporting also emphasizes consistent identity and hazard information across the supply chain. Ask for representative documentation before purchase, not after an issue appears. I have found one weak point in many benchmarks: “same compound” may hide different salt forms, isomer ratios, or analytical methods. The comparison should flag these uncertainties instead of forcing a clean ranking.

Safety and Compliance: GHS, REACH, Storage, and Scale-Up Requirements

10 Best Substituted Pyridines for Drug Discovery Suppliers should be screened through safety and compliance evidence, not catalog breadth alone. Each supplier should provide a current SDS, GHS classification, CAS identity, purity data, and traceable lot records. Under REACH, buyers should verify registration or exemption status for the intended quantity and use. Local GHS rules may still require different labels.

ECHA’s 2024 enforcement reporting found that about 18% of inspected chemical products had classification, labelling, or packaging non-compliance. That figure deserves attention. A clean-looking bottle proves little. Check hazard pictograms, signal words, exposure controls, and transport details before approval. Storage instructions should specify temperature limits, moisture protection, light sensitivity, and segregation from oxidizers. Small details matter, especially with reactive heteroaromatic intermediates.

Scale-up needs stronger evidence than a laboratory purchase. Review impurity profiles, residual solvents, thermal screening, dust handling, and packaging integrity. ICH Q7 supports documented change control and supplier qualification for pharmaceutical materials. Ask whether the manufacturing site, analytical method, and raw-material source can remain consistent across batches. That answer is often unclear. Do not assume a research-grade specification will support a 100-kilogram campaign. Pilot quantities, calorimetry, and updated risk assessments should precede larger orders. Suppliers unable to explain deviations clearly may create avoidable regulatory and process risk.

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